# Kinetic · Swimming: sources and verification notes

All checks done **3 Oct 2026 (IST)**. "Verified" means the official page or document was loaded and the stated fact was read on it, unless noted otherwise. The page deliberately shows **no prices or entry fees**. Each club, course and event is linked to its own site, where readers should check current dates, entry rules and fees.

## 1. Physics (chapters, quiz, Swim Lab)

| Claim | Basis |
|---|---|
| Drag F = ½ρv²·CdA; power = drag × speed; drag ∝ v², power ∝ v³ | Standard fluid mechanics (textbook). Worked numbers computed by Kinetic |
| Reference swimmer CdA ≈ 0.06 m² (≈ 30 N at 1 m/s) | **Illustrative** round value of the order reported in swimming-drag studies; not fetched. Real values vary widely with body size, stroke and technique |
| Wave drag rises sharply near the surface; it falls when swimming roughly 0.5 m or more below it | General hydrodynamics/sports-science knowledge, **not fetched**; stated as approximate |
| Buoyancy: 70 kg swimmer, ~72 L body volume with full lungs vs ~67.5 L exhaled; fresh water 1,000 kg/m³, sea water ≈ 1,025 kg/m³ | **Illustrative** model values; densities are standard |
| Propulsion: early "drag" (paddle) theory vs "lift" (sculling) ideas from the 1970s (Counsilman); modern view that both contribute and the balance is still researched | History and current consensus stated from general sports-science knowledge, **not fetched**; written deliberately as "debated" |
| Energy cost of front crawl ≈ 0.7–1 kJ per metre for adults; low mechanical efficiency | Order of magnitude from swimming energetics literature (e.g. di Prampero), **not fetched**; labelled approximate |
| Water conducts heat roughly 25× faster than air; cold shock response; swim-failure; rip-current advice (swim parallel to shore, float, signal); drafting saves effort | General physiology and water-safety knowledge, **not fetched** |
| Current vector maths (aim angle = asin(current ÷ speed), ground speed) | Computed (vector addition) |

## 2. Rules, standards and ladders

| Item | URL | Status |
|---|---|---|
| World Aquatics competition regulations: 15 m underwater limit after start/turns (SW 5.3, 6.3, 8.5); open-water temperature 16–31 °C measured 2 h before start at 40 cm depth; wetsuits compulsory below 18 °C, not permitted at 18 °C and above (Chief Referee may extend up to 20 °C) | World Aquatics Competition Regulations PDF (downloaded to the build box) | PDF read |
| FINA renamed World Aquatics (12 Dec 2022) | https://www.worldaquatics.com/news/2979029/fina-becomes-world-aquatics-as-new-brand-launched | loaded |
| Swim England Learn to Swim: Stages 1–7, then 8–10; 25 m school benchmark | https://www.swimming.org/learntoswim/ | loaded |
| American Red Cross swimming classes | https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/swimming | loaded (reference only) |
| Swimming Federation of India (HQ Ahmedabad; swimming, diving, water polo, artistic, open water, masters) | https://www.swimming.org.in/ | loaded |
| RLSS(I): branch of RLSS Commonwealth, full ILS member, formed 1998, HQ Pune, 400,000+ trained | https://www.lifesavingindia.org/about-us/ | loaded |
| RLSS(I) courses: Swim N Survive, Pool and Open Water & Beach Lifesaver/Lifeguard, CPR/first aid/AED | https://www.lifesavingindia.org/training-programs/ | loaded |
| ILS equivalency table for India (RLSS(I) Lifesaver ↔ ILS Lifesaver; Beach Lifeguard; approved Oct 2010) | https://certificates.ilsf.org/public/equivalency-tables/india-27.pdf | PDF read. The main ilsf.org site did not respond (000) |
| MSAAA open-sea events: 1/2/5 km, Divyang category, MBBS-attested medical certificate, indemnity bond (2025 circular) | http://www.msaaa.co.in/events/ (circular PDF) | loaded |

## 3. Where to go

| Item | URL | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Goa Swimathon schedule (14 Nov 2026 short swims; 15 Nov 2026 5 km/10 km; cut-offs 50/80 min and 3 h/5.5 h), page updated 31 Aug 2026 | https://www.endurosportsgoa.com/schedule | loaded |
| Goa race rules: water 26–28 °C, wetsuits not allowed, buoys every 150–200 m, tow floats only in 5/10 km, jellyfish advice, no alcohol within 12 h, over-60 medical certificate, prior certificates for 5/10 km | https://www.endurosportsgoa.com/race-rules-and-policies | loaded. **Page still refers to the Feb 2026 edition**; rules may be updated for Nov 2026 |
| Goa Open Water Swimming Club: Coastal Odyssey (solo 20 km and relays; lifeguards, kayakers, boats); orientation swims | https://www.goaopenwaterswimmingclub.com/swim-with-us/upcoming-events/the-goan-coastal-odyssey | loaded |
| Mumbai Sea Swimmers: community since 2016, 3,000+ swimmers, Mumbai Open, pool swimathon, Ultra Swim and Dusk to Dawn (12 h, with Rupali Repale Swimming Academy) | https://www.mumbaiseaswimmers.com/ | loaded |
| OWSA Elephanta → Gateway of India expedition swim, 31 Oct–1 Nov 2026 | https://www.openwaterswimsindia.com/event | loaded |
| TRI2CHAMP AquaFest, Blue Flag Beach, Kovalam (Chennai), 3rd edition 24 May 2026; swimathon with triathlon/aquathlon/duathlon; supported by Tamil Nadu Tourism | https://www.incredibleindia.gov.in/en/festivals-and-events/tamil-nadu/trichamp---aquafest | loaded (Incredible India). Distances and swim-proof requirement seen via **search index only**, so not stated on the page |
| Sunk Rock Lighthouse → Gateway of India sea race: 61st edition 16 Feb 2025, 1/2/5 km, Divyang category | http://www.msaaa.co.in/events/ (2025 circular PDF) | PDF read. A "62nd edition, 22 Feb 2026" was seen via **search index only**, so the page says "February" and cites the verified 2025 edition |

## 4. Left out / judgement calls

- **Andaman & Nicobar:** no recurring open-water event found (only one-off swims in news), so none is listed; a note says so.
- **Goa Sea Pride (Colva, Mar 2026)** and **MSS Ultra route Gateway → Atal Setu**: search-index only, not listed.
- **Lifesaving cards:** three cards (RLSS(I) volunteer level, RLSS(I) professional level, ILS equivalency) rather than a long list of private academies. Royal Life Saving is represented through RLSS(I), its Indian branch; a separate "Lifesaving Society of India" was not found.
- **No prices, no fees, no tie-up line**; emails and phone numbers removed.
- **Lab numbers are illustrative.** It is a teaching model, not a pacing or safety tool.
- External links that the box's curl couldn't reach are still valid in a browser; all were checked on 3 Oct 2026.
- A hidden, empty `#gear` placeholder sits before the footer for a future Gear section (not built).