# Skiing & Snowboarding: sources and verification log

Checked 3 Oct 2026 (IST). Every fact on the page comes from the official page listed here or is standard physics worked on the page. Fees, phone numbers and email addresses were deliberately **not reproduced**.

## 1. Physics and safety (standard science, worked on the page)

| Item | Basis | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Slope forces mg sin θ / mg cos θ; a = g(sin θ − μ cos θ); gradient = tan θ × 100 | Newtonian mechanics | worked numbers recomputed in Python (e.g. 15°, 75 kg: 190 N, 2.07 m/s², 51.7 km/h after 50 m) |
| Snow friction μ ≈ 0.03–0.10; frictional meltwater lubrication | standard physics teaching values | **illustrative**, labelled as such on the page |
| Drag ½ρCdAv²; CdA ≈ 0.6 m² upright, ≈ 0.25 m² tuck; ρ = 0.909 kg/m³ | ISA density at 3,000 m; CdA values illustrative | worked: 15° upright 85.8 km/h, tuck 132.9 km/h |
| Lean angle tan φ = v²/(gr); KE ½mv² and equivalent fall height v²/2g | mechanics | recomputed (34.2°, 8,437 J ≈ 11.5 m) |
| ISA pressure ratio (1 − 2.256×10⁻⁵ h)^5.256: 2,650 m ≈ 0.72, 2,800 m ≈ 0.71, 3,000 m ≈ 0.69, 3,980 m ≈ 0.61 | International Standard Atmosphere | recomputed |
| Slab avalanches mostly release on ~30°–45° slopes; skier below has priority; snow glare / UV | general avalanche and slope-safety knowledge | **general knowledge, not tied to one Indian source**; page tells readers to get avalanche training and a guide |

## 2. Governing bodies

| Item | URL | Status |
|---|---|---|
| FIS: International Ski and Snowboard Federation; disciplines Alpine, Cross-Country, Ski Jumping, Freestyle, Snowboard (and others) | https://www.fis-ski.com/ | loaded |
| FIS national association directory still lists "Ski and Snowboard India (Ad Hoc Committee)", member since 1998 | https://www.fis-ski.com/DB/v2/national-ski-and-snowboard-associations?mi=menu-nsa-members&rt=inside-fis | loaded; **appears not yet updated** after the June 2026 Congress |
| FIS 57th Congress (June 2026) disaffiliated Ski and Snowboard India and granted full membership to the Bhartiya Ski and Snowboard Association | PTI report carried by The Economic Times, 13 Jun 2026 | news report (secondary source), attributed to PTI on the page |
| BSSA: national governing body for skiing and snowboarding, "affiliated by FIS", recognised by the IOA; announced 2027 National Alpine Championships and a Winter Training Camp 2027 | https://www.bssa.in/ | loaded |
| IISM Gulmarg: established 1968 as Gulmarg Winter Sports Project; permanent office of the Ministry of Tourism since 1987 | https://www.iismgulmarg.in/About_iism | loaded |
| ABVIMAS Manali skiing course list | https://www.abvimas.org/course/skiing-course-list/ | loaded |
| NIM Uttarkashi skiing course at Dayara or Ratha Harsil | https://www.nimindia.net/skiingcourse | loaded |

## 3. Courses and places

| Item | URL | Status |
|---|---|---|
| IISM snow skiing courses December–March; Basic/Intermediate/Advance 14 days; age 10–40; snowboarding courses at Gulmarg; MOI course; skiing at Kargil (not used on page) | https://www.iismgulmarg.in/Admission | loaded |
| IISM syllabus: Basic (snow plough, snow plough turn, traverse, uphill swing, side stepping, basic swing, open parallel rough form, slalom; exam day 12); Intermediate (basic swing, side-slip garland, downhill swing, long and short parallel turns with open skis, slalom); Advance (long and short parallel with closed skis, slalom) | https://www.iismgulmarg.in/Courses_By_IISM | loaded |
| Gulmarg: gondola 2,650 m via Kongdori to 3,980 m (1,330 m vertical); chairlift Kongdori–Marry Shoulder; Mt Apharwat 4,124 m; down to −8 °C; heavy snowfall late Dec to mid-Feb | https://www.iismgulmarg.in/AboutGulmarg | loaded |
| ABVIMAS: Elementary 7 days; Basic, Intermediate, Advance Snow Skiing 14 days each at Solang (Manali) / Narkanda; Method of Instruction (Skiing) 21 days at Solang; Basic Nordic 14 days; Snow Boarding 14 days at Solang; grass skiing and special basic courses (not used) | https://www.abvimas.org/course/skiing-course-list/ | loaded |
| Auli: "India's premier skiing destination", ~2,800 m; January–March best for skiing; ski lessons through GMVN; ski schools and equipment rental; ropeway from Joshimath; other ski spots Dayara Bugyal, Munsiyari, Mundali (not used) | https://uttarakhandtourism.gov.in/destination/auli | JS page, **rendered in headless Chrome** |

## 4. Not verified / left off

- **GMVN skiing page** (gmvnonline.com/skiing) is behind a Cloudflare challenge for every fetcher, so GMVN course details are **not given**; the page cites Uttarakhand Tourism's statement that GMVN offers lessons.
- **Winter Games Federation of India**: suspended by the IOA in 2017–18 and no current official site found, so **not listed**.
- **Ski and Snowboard India**: no longer FIS's member according to PTI; not given its own card. FIS's directory not yet updated (see above).
- **Solang ropeway and Auli chairlift lengths and altitudes**: only third-party sources found, so **not stated**.
- Avalanche numbers (30°–45°) are general knowledge, not from an Indian authority. No avalanche-forecasting body is linked because we didn't verify a current public bulletin page for Gulmarg.