# Shooting: sources and verification log

Checked 3 Oct 2026 (IST). Every fact on the page comes from the source listed here or is standard physics worked on the page. Scope is sport, safety and the legal framework at a high level only: the page gives **no** guidance on buying, owning or modifying any gun. Coaching fees, phone numbers and email addresses were deliberately **not reproduced**.

## 1. Physics (standard science, worked on the page)

| Item | Basis | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Flight time t = d/v, drop ½gt², pellet energy ½mv² at 10 m; 0.5 g pellet and 150–200 m/s speeds | projectile motion; pellet mass and speeds **illustrative** | recomputed (175 m/s → 57 ms, 16.0 mm, 7.7 J) |
| Recoil M V = m v; recoil energy ratio = M/m | momentum conservation; 1.0 kg pistol mass **illustrative** | recomputed (5 kg → 1.75 cm/s, 0.77 mJ; 1 kg → 8.75 cm/s) |
| 1 mrad = 10 mm at 10 m; ring scored = highest ring the 4.5 mm hole touches | geometry + ISSF ring sizes and scoring rule (below) | recomputed (0.2/0.4/0.7/1.4 mrad → rifle 10/9/8/5, pistol 10/10/10/9) |
| Heartbeat nudge 0.1 mrad; drift 2 mrad/s for 10 ms; flinch 0.4 mrad; jerk 0.8 mrad | **illustrative** values | recomputed |
| Breathing pause, follow-through, zeroed sights | general coaching and physics knowledge | qualitative only |

## 2. Rules (ISSF Rule Book 2026 edition, second print 07/2026, effective 1 July 2026)

URL: https://backoffice.issf-sports.org/getfile.aspx?mod=docf&pane=1&inst=455&file=ISSF-Rule-Book-2026-Edition-2025-Second-Print-07-2026-Effective-1-July-2026.pdf (linked from https://www.issf-sports.org/rules). Downloaded and searched as text.

| Item | Rule | Status |
|---|---|---|
| 10 m air rifle target: 10-ring white dot 0.5 mm; 9-ring 5.5 mm … 1-ring 45.5 mm | 6.3.4.3 | verified |
| 10 m air pistol target: 10-ring 11.5 mm; 9-ring 27.5 mm … 1-ring 155.5 mm | 6.3.4.6 | verified |
| 10 m events 4.5 mm (.177) calibre | equipment tables | verified |
| 10 m air rifle max 5.5 kg with sights | rifle equipment table | verified |
| Air rifle decimal scoring, air pistol full-ring; decimal rings 10.0–10.9; decimal for 10 m air rifle qualification at ISSF Championships | 6.3.3.1–6.3.3.2 and event table | verified |
| 10 m air rifle qualification: 60 match shots in 1 h 15 min (75 min) | course of fire table | verified |
| Safety flags (air guns: full barrel length); muzzle in safe direction; action closed only pointing downrange; no gun handling while anyone is forward of the line | 6.2.2.2–6.2.2.7 | verified |
| Commands LOAD, START, STOP, UNLOAD; load only on the firing point after LOAD/START | 6.2.3.1–6.2.3.6 | verified |
| Hearing protection at 25 m, 50 m, 300 m lines and shotgun ranges; shotgun athletes wear shatterproof eye protection | 6.2.5.1, 6.2.6 | verified |
| ISSF Academy set up March 2024; coach licences at C (beginning coaches), B (semi-professional), A (professional) | Annex "TA" (Guidelines for Training Academy) | verified |
| Higher ring scored if any part of the shot hole touches it | ISSF Annex – Rules for Paper Target Scoring: https://backoffice.issf-sports.org/getfile.aspx?file=ISSF-Rules-for-Paper-Target-Scoring.pdf&iist=29&inst=31&mod=docf&pane=1 | verified |

## 3. Bodies, ranges and programmes

| Item | URL | Status |
|---|---|---|
| ISSF: founded 1907, world governing body for Olympic shooting, HQ Munich, 159 member federations from 147 countries/territories | https://www.issf-sports.org/issf/about | loaded |
| ISSF Academy: global education hub for coaching from grassroots to international | https://www.issf-sports.org/academy | loaded |
| NRAI: affiliation certificates of ISSF and the Asian Shooting Confederation (ASC) | https://www.thenrai.in/About_us.aspx?link=6 | loaded. Office-bearer contact details not reproduced |
| NRAI home notices (Sep–Oct 2026): India Open Competition (Shotgun) at Dr Karni Singh Shooting Ranges 5–13 Oct 2026; India Open (rifle/pistol) at MP State Shooting Academy, Bhopal, 2026; Application for NRAI National Coaches Course (Rifle & Pistol) New Delhi 2026 (11 Sep); ISSF C and D Coaches Courses (Rifle, Pistol, Shotgun); ISSF B Judges Course (Rifle & Pistol) New Delhi 2026; 17th South Zone Championship (rifle/pistol) 2026, entries via state team managers; Selection Trial 5 (rifle/pistol) at KSSR 9–13 Aug 2026 under Selection Criteria 2026; athletes selected for ISSF World Championship, Doha (rifle/pistol Nov 2026; shotgun team also named); 68th NSCC at KSSR Dec 2025–Jan 2026; menu item "Affiliated List of State Rifle Associations" | https://www.thenrai.in/ | loaded. Phone numbers in notices not reproduced |
| Dr Karni Singh Shooting Ranges (SAI), Tughlakabad: 72 acres; built to ISSF norms; 10 m range 80 firing points, 25 m 50, 50 m 80; 6 trap/skeet ranges; 162-bed hostel from Jan 2021 | https://www.sportsauthorityofindia.gov.in/sai_new/stadiaKssr | loaded. Administrator's name, phone and email not reproduced |
| Gun for Glory Shooting Academy: Khelo India-accredited; founded 2011 by Gagan Narang and Pawankumar Singh; centres across India (Pune, Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, New Delhi, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Hyderabad, Jabalpur, Mumbai, Secunderabad); Foundation Course, Bull's Eye, National Preparatory Course, High-Performance Training Camps | https://www.gunforglory.in/ and https://www.gunforglory.in/our-courses/ | loaded |
| Aim High India School Shooting Experience Program (Gagan Narang Sports Promotion Foundation): guided air-rifle shooting, safety rules, posture and aiming under supervision | https://www.gunforglory.in/school-shooting-experience-program/ | loaded |
| Pathway: club/district matches under state rifle associations → state championships with Minimum Qualifying Scores → national competitions → selection trials | https://www.gunforglory.in/understanding-shooting-competitions-in-india-your-complete-5-level-path-from-beginner-to-olympics/ | loaded (academy explainer; national stages cross-checked against NRAI notices) |

## 4. Law (high level only)

| Item | URL | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Firearms licensing under the Arms Act, 1959 and Arms Rules, 2016; Section 13(3) refers to target practice by members of rifle clubs or associations licensed or recognised by the Central Government | https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-07/FAQArmsRule2016andNDAL.pdf | loaded (MHA FAQ PDF) |

## 5. Deliberately left off / not verified

- **Any buying, ownership, import, licence-application or equipment-modification detail** (including air-weapon energy thresholds, dealer rules and "renowned shooter" import provisions seen in search results and NRAI notices). Out of scope by design.
- **Brand names in NRAI event titles** (the October 2026 shotgun event also carries a manufacturer's anniversary cup). Not reproduced.
- **NRAI "Introduction"/"History" pages and the affiliated state list** are menu items we could not open directly (JS menu), so NRAI's founding year and the number of state units are **not stated**.
- **Exact dates of the Bhopal India Open (rifle/pistol)** were not given in the notices we read. **Not stated.**
- **Shotgun World Championship dates** in Doha were not confirmed. Only the rifle/pistol month (Nov 2026) is given.